essay 代写：公司治理架构实践
公司治理架构的实践始于1992年伦敦证券交易所(lse)公布的吉百利实务守则(Cadbury Code of Practice)，该守则开启了当前的公司治理改革浪潮。在此之前，经合发组织于1997-99年进行了一次调查。本经合组织出版物提供了关于公司治理的指导方针，在世界银行和亚洲开发银行的协助下，许多发展中国家在国家法典中采用了这些指导方针。1997-98年发生的亚洲金融危机显示了有系统的公司治理失败的有害影响，因此迫切需要进行这种努力。(Dignam, 2006)Crawford在2007年指出，市场通过投资机构和国家监管机构的影响强化了这些准则。在全面改革的过程中，我们付出了很多努力，但在这些努力之后，公司治理仍然存在着严重的缺陷。这在澳大利亚的HIH保险和One-Tel崩溃案例中很容易观察到。
essay 代写：公司治理架构实践
2001/2002年美国一系列大公司的倒闭使得这一准则更加严格，从而有助于更好地协调个人、社会和公司的利益。(Dignam,2006)为了理解不同利益相关者利益的一致性，分析不同的公司治理框架是必要的。传统上，公司治理被认为与“委托代理”或“代理”问题有关。“委托-代理”关系发生在公司所有者和管理或控制公司的人不是同一个人的情况下。比如投资者或融资者，他们是委托人，他们雇佣经理，他们是代理人，代表他们管理公司。当投资者需要经理人专门的人力资本来产生投资回报，而经理人可能没有足够的自有资金来投资于公司时，就会出现这种情况。这意味着在这种情况下，公司的融资和管理之间存在分离，即公司的所有权和控制权之间存在分离，即公司治理框架(Douma,2013)。
essay 代写：公司治理架构实践
The practices of corporate governance framework was started with Cadbury Code of Practice that was published by the London Stock Exchange in the year 1992 allowed the commencement of the current wave of reform of corporate governance. This publication was preceded with an OECD inquiry in 1997-99. This OECD publication provides guidelines on corporate governance which is adopted in national codes by every industrial country together with the assistance of the World Bank and Asian development bank, by many of the developing countries. The requirement of this endeavour to happen urgently was increased by the Asian financial crisis that occurred in the year 1997-98, which revealed the harmful effects of systematic corporate governance failure. (Dignam, 2006)Crawford in 2007 stated that the effects of the market through investment institutions and national regulators reinforced these codes. Many efforts were made towards the comprehensive reformation, even after those efforts made, serious weaknesses still exist in the corporate governance. This can easily be observed in the case of HIH Insurance and One-Tel collapse in Australia.
essay 代写：公司治理架构实践
The failure of a series of major corporations in the United States in 2001/2002 make this codes more stringent which in turn helps in better alignment of interests of Individuals, society and corporations. More likely its concern is to create more robust institutions of corporate governance that will remain a very crucial economic and social priority for some time in future.(Dignam,2006)In order to understand the alignment of interest of various stakeholders, it is essentials to analyze the various corporate governance frameworks. Traditionally corporate governance is known to be associated with the “principal-agent” or the “agency” problem. The “principal-agent” relationship occurs in the case when the person, who is the owner of a firm, and the person who manages or controls the firm, are not the same ones. Like in the case when investors or financers, that are principals, hire managers, that are agents, for running the firm on their behalf.This happens when investors are in need of specialized human capital of the managers for generating returns on their investments and managers are in need of the funds of the investors since they may not have enough funds of their own to invest in the firm. This implies that in this case, there lies a separation between the firm’s financing and management that is between ownership and control of firm that is referred to corporate governance frameworks.(Douma,2013)