澳洲代寫：憤怒是錯誤的
德伊拉是寫給諾瓦圖斯的，他是塞內卡的哥哥。塞內卡稱憤怒是最瘋狂和可怕的情緒。他說世界上所有其他的情感都有一些平靜的東西;然而，憤怒只是一種衝動。塞內加想通過說憤怒是貪婪的報復來說服他的聽眾。塞內加還提到了造成巨大破壞和破壞的歷史事件。他說，憤怒在許多國家造成了巨大的破壞，並導致他們的基礎被剷除。在古代史上，憤怒也與慾望和痛苦的因素有關，當一個人受到不公正的傷害，他肯定會想要報復的時候，人們就會感受到痛苦。因此，憤怒導致毀滅。塞內加的《論憤怒》分為兩部分，第一部分論述了憤怒，第二部分提供了補救措施。根據Cooper和Procope(1995)的觀點，斯多葛學派的情緒理論認為任何情緒都可以充滿痛苦或慾望。
這兩種元素都可以出現在一種情緒中。斯多葛學派將憤怒歸類為慾望。塞內加同意這一哲學理論，認為憤怒可以被看作是一種“燃燒的慾望”。當一個人生氣時，他想要懲罰另一個人，因為他們受到了不公正的傷害。塞內加提出的關於憤怒的主要概念是了解如何減輕憤怒。 De Botton(2001)指出，如果一個人專注於什麼是錯的，什麼是必須被治癒的，並且有治癒的真誠願望，這樣的人可以克服他們的憤怒。 De Botton(2001)進一步認為，塞內加必須說服他的觀眾，在他告訴觀眾斯多葛學派的人的情緒可以是可怕的有害之前，他的建議如何控制憤怒。
澳洲代寫：憤怒是錯誤的
De Ira is addressed to Novatus, who is Seneca’s elder brother. Seneca calls anger as the most frenzied and hideous emotion. He states that all other emotions in the world have something placid in them; however, anger is something that is just an impulse. Seneca wants to persuade his audience by saying that anger is greedy for revenge. Seneca also provides the reference to historical events, which have caused great destruction and devastation. He states that anger has caused great destructions in many nations, and has resulted in eradicating their foundations. Anger is also associated with element of desires and pain in the ancient history, where the pain is felt, when the person is unjustly harmed and he would definitely desire revenge. Thus, anger leads to destruction. Seneca’s On Anger has been divided in two parts, where the first part discusses anger and second part provides the remedies. According to Cooper and Procopé, (1995), The Stoic theory of emotions states that any emotion could be filled with pain or desire.
Both elements could be present in one emotion. Stoic theory classifies anger as a desire. In agreement to this philosophical theory, Seneca accepts that anger could be considered as a ‘burning desire’. When a person is in anger, he desires to punish the other, by whom they are unjustly harmed. The major concept about anger presented by Seneca is to know how anger is alleviated. De Botton (2001), states that if a person focuses on what is wrong and what has to be cured, and also have the honest wish to cure, such people can overcome their anger. De Botton (2001) further argues that Seneca has to persuade his audience with his recommendations about how anger can be controlled, before he informs the audience that Stoic that human emotions can be dreadfully harmful.