daixie：最大幸福原则
功利主义建立在最大幸福原则的基础上，该原则表示，当活动鼓励效用时，它被视为道德的;当活动鼓励相反的效用时，它被视为不道德的(“穆勒的理论”)。在创造幸福的倾向上，活动是正确的。在他看来，人们不能确定幸福是人类活动的最终目的，但他们可以提供现实的基础来容忍快乐是人类活动的最终目的。密尔从旨在澄清错误判断的插图开始(“密尔的理论”)。他把“幸福”定义为学术的和令人愉悦的。他认为，人们有一种自豪感，这使他们倾向于学术上的乐趣，而不是唤起人们的兴趣。他强调，效用理论包括评估一项活动的效果，而不是驱动力的意图或特征。他认为效用理论应该被作为一种产生辅助道德标准的方式来观察，从而促进整体的快乐。
daixie：最大幸福原则
根据密尔的说法，有一些快乐是超乎常人的。区别在于价值。它是根据几乎每个人的倾向来评估的。人们渴望得到一些乐趣，但为了得到这些乐趣却要承受许多不便。有才能的人会受到有能力的人的青睐，因为他们感到尊敬(埃尔哈特、萨里斯和文荷文，第177-205页)。在一个人必须从自己的满足和他人的幸福中做出选择的时候，功利主义需要一个人像一个公正善良的旁观者一样坚定的公正。功利主义理论认为，公共战略应以促进人的满足为目标。这一伦理假设面临着无数的抗议，在实践基础上，它被视为不可行的，在意识形态基础上，它被视为令人不快的。因此，这一理论在战略建设中并不重要。
daixie：最大幸福原则
Utilitarianism is founded on the Principle of Greatest Happiness which expresses that activities are viewed as ethical when they encourage utility and unethical when they encourage the opposite (“Mill’s Theory”). Activities are correct in extent to their inclination to create bliss. According to him, people can’t confirm that happiness is a final end of human activity, however they can give realistic basis to tolerate that joy is that end. Mill starts with illustrations intended to clean the misguided judgments (“Mill’s Theory”). He characterizes “happiness” to be both scholarly and arousing delight. He contends that people have a feeling of pride that makes them lean toward scholarly delights to arousing ones. He stresses that the theory of utility includes evaluating an activity’s effects, and not the intentions or characteristics of the driving force. He contends that the theory of utility ought to be observed as a way for producing auxiliary ethical standards, which promotes overall pleasure.
daixie：最大幸福原则
According to Mill, a few of the pleasures are above others. The distinction is in worth. It is assessed regarding inclinations of almost everyone. A few pleasures are desired to the point that a lot of inconvenience is borne for getting those. Those of the superior talent are favored along these lines by the capable, from their feeling of respect (Ehrhardt, Saris and Veenhoven, pg. 177-205). At the point one has to choose out of his own satisfaction and that of other people’s happiness, utilitarianism needs one to be as firmly fair-minded as an unbiased and kind-hearted onlooker. The Utilitarian theory confirms that the public strategy ought to go for propelling human satisfaction. This ethical hypothesis faces numerous protests, on practical basis it is seen as unfeasible and on ideological basis it is seen as disagreeable. Subsequently the theory is not important in strategy building.