01/07/2019

論文代寫推薦:柔性響應

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論文代寫推薦:柔性響應
靈活反應的實施是為戰爭制定幾個選擇。大會的主要口號是找到除核武器以外的其他選擇。柔性響應分為三個主要階段。第一階段被稱為直接防禦。這一階段包括了停止蘇聯使用常規武器進行第一次打擊的選擇。肯尼迪相信通過有限的戰爭和停止不斷擴大的衝突就能迅速取得勝利。這是因為不斷擴大的衝突可能導致所有人都想避免的全面戰爭。美國前幾任總統的目標是降低戰爭成本,為此他們減少了軍隊數量,但肯尼迪強調實施足夠的靈活性,而不是關注成本(霍夫曼,2009)。在這一階段,肯尼迪還認為歐洲盟國應該為他們的防務做出貢獻。靈活應對的第二階段是蓄意升級;這是為了限制核武器的使用。
第三個階段是一般的核反應,這或多或少可以與相互保證的銷毀相配合。通過這種方式,美國將對共產主義者發動全面的核反擊。因此,政策反應分為兩個主要階段來應對共產主義的威脅(Jones, 2012, p. 382)。 1962年10月22日晚,美國總統約翰·f·肯尼迪發表電視講話,向美國公民通報了蘇聯對古巴投放核武器的破壞性意圖。靈活應對的優勢在於,美國獲得了展示其軍事霸權的機會。這一偉大的創新是在武器的種類以及這些武器的預定用途方面取得的。靈活反應原則的另一個好處是,美國和蘇聯能夠在不包括任何核武器的情況下解決局勢。缺點是,通過確保摧毀任務,許多目標工業和城市被摧毀,它們從戰爭中恢復幾乎是不可能的,或非常緩慢。

論文代寫推薦:柔性響應

The implementation of the flexible response was to develop several options for the warfare. The main motto was to find the options other than nuclear weapons. The flexible response was divided in three main stages. The first stage was called as the direct defense. This stage included the options to stop the Soviet first strike with the use of conventional weapons. Kennedy believed winning quickly with limited wars and stopping the expanding conflicts. This is because expanding conflicts could have resulted in general wars, which everyone wanted to avoid. The goal of the earlier Presidents of America was to reduce the cost on the war, for which they reduced the number of troops, but Kennedy emphasized on enforcing sufficient flexibility instead of focusing on cost (Hoffman, 2009). Through this stage Kennedy also believed that European allies should contribute to their defense. The second stage of the Flexible Response was Deliberate Escalation; this was meant to limit the use of the nuclear weapon.
The third stage was the General Nuclear Response, which could be more or less match with mutual assured destruction. Through this America would take total nuclear response attack on Communists. Thus, the policy response was divided in two main phases to address the communist threats (Jones, 2012, p. 382). On the evening of October 22nd in the year 1962, President John F. Kennedy gave his televised speech, through which he informed the citizens of America about the destructive intentions of the Soviet Union, as they had set a nuclear weapon on Cuba. The advantage of the flexible response was that America got the chance to display its military supremacy. The great innovation was achieved in the types of weapons and also in the intended use of these weapons. Also the advantage of the Flexible response doctrine was that America and Soviet Union were able to resolve the situation, without including any kinds of nuclear weapons. Disadvantage was that through assured destruction mission, many targeted industries and cities were destroyed, and their recovery from the war was nearly impossible or was very slow.

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